The Test Pyramid is a conceptual model that highlights the different levels of automated testing, emphasizing efficient allocation of test effort. It provides a framework for teams to structure their testing strategy by focusing on the granularity, isolation, and execution speed of tests.

key Features of the Test Pyramid

1. Bottom Layer — Unit Tests

• Small, isolated tests that validate individual components or functions.
• Characteristics: Fast, numerous, and foundational to achieving high coverage.
• Purpose: Detect bugs early with minimal execution time.

2. Middle Layer — Integration Tests

• Focus on the interaction between components or services.
• Characteristics: Moderately fast and cover combined functionalities.
• Purpose: Verify the communication and integration of different modules.

3. Top Layer — End-to-End (UI) Tests

• High-level tests that simulate real user workflows.
• Characteristics: Slower and fewer in number, but cover large pieces of functionality.
• Purpose: Ensure that the application functions as expected from the user’s perspective

Benefits of the Test Pyramid

• Efficient Resource Allocation: Encourages heavy reliance on fast, reliable unit tests while limiting the number of slower, high-level tests.
• Comprehensive Coverage: Ensures both granular functionality and end-to-end workflows are tested.
• Improved Test Automation: Guides teams to implement automated testing effectively, optimizing speed and reliability.